New Gonorrhea Vaccine: Understanding the Signs and Treatments

A pioneering global first vaccination programme for gonorrhoea will be initiated in England To tackle unprecedented numbers of the sexually transmitted infection, which surged to more than 85,000 instances in 2023 – marking the peak since statistics were first recorded in 1918.

The vaccine, 4CMenB, is an existing injection already utilized for combating meningococcal B disease, a severe bacterial condition that can lead to meningitis and sepsis.

NHS officials have confirmed that gay and bisexual men with a recent history of multiple sexual partners or a bacterial STI People who qualify for the updated scheme will receive communication over the next few weeks and will have access to the vaccine starting from August 1 via their local sexual health services.

At these appointments, patients might also have the option to receive vaccinations for mpox. HPV , along with hepatitis A and B.

In response to this announcement, Professor Matt Phillips, who serves as the president of the British Association for Sexual Health, commented HIV ( BASHH ) stated, "This is fantastic news and a pivotal point for sexual health in England."

A fresh gonorrhea immunization program—alongside the ongoing distribution of mpox vaccines—is an essential component of our initiative to tackle the substantial disparities observed in sexual health outcomes.

The vaccination rollout is excellent news for preventing the spread, but how do we handle those who are already affected? We consulted with several specialists who highlighted crucial indicators of gonorrhoea to watch out for along with potential treatments.

What is gonorrhoea?

"Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae," explains Miss Shazia Malik, a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist at The Portland Hospital, which is part of HCA Healthcare UK It's spread via sexual contact without protection, and this isn't limited to just vaginal intercourse; it can also occur during oral or anal sex.

What are the most significant misunderstandings regarding gonorrhoea?

Some individuals frequently mistake gonorrhoea for chlamydia," points out Phillips. "Additionally, some believe they would definitely notice if they had gonorrhoea since it causes symptoms; however, it’s possible to be infected without showing any signs.

Some individuals think it can be disregarded, yet it consistently requires attention.

What are the typical signs you should watch out for?

The symptoms may vary greatly," observes Malik. "They could be non-existent, they might include a discharge from the genital area, or possibly discomfort in the testicles.

Women might encounter pelvic discomfort or a burning feeling when urinating, as well as spotting between menstrual cycles or post-sexual activity. Thus, numerous symptoms may occur; an individual could experience one, multiple, or none at all.

Can gonorrhea lead to any complications?

Untreated STIs , or serious STIs that have even received treatment, can continue to have lasting impacts for many years.

“Untreated sexually transmitted infections in women can impact your quality of life through symptoms like pain, unusual discharge, and irregular bleeding," cautions Malik. "They may also cause severe issues for your pelvic organs. You might end up hospitalised due to acute pelvic inflammatory disease accompanied by sepsis. Moreover, if you're at an age where reproduction is possible, these infections can impair your fallopian tubes and overall pelvic structure, thereby affecting your ability to conceive."

At what point should you consult a healthcare professional regarding this?

As soon as you suspect you may have contracted gonorrhoea, seek medical guidance promptly," states Phillips. "For instance, this could be due to your partner informing you that they have been diagnosed with it. Make sure to reach out to nearby health clinics and get yourself tested and treated if you exhibit symptoms typical of gonorrhoea.

What steps are included in the testing procedure?

At your appointment, the doctor or nurse will inquire about your symptoms as well as your sexual partners. They might also have to examine your penis or vagina, states the NHS website.

The website also states that the professional may use a swab (like a large cotton bud) to take a sample of fluid from your penis, vagina or anus. You may be able to do the swab yourself.

A urine sample might additionally be required, and you could also need to undergo testing for other sexually transmitted infections simultaneously.

Can it be treated?

The sole effective method for addressing gonorrhoea is through antibiotics," states Phillips. "In the UK, the typical treatment involves a single dose administered via injection into either the buttocks or thigh, which efficiently addresses uncomplicated cases of gonorrhoea.

Nevertheless, if an individual is allergic to that treatment, alternative options such as injections or pills can be explored. However, it’s crucial to ensure they receive the appropriate antibiotic since there are antibiotic-resistant strains of gonorrhoea circulating in the UK.

Can it be prevented?

Condons effectively prevent individuals from passing gonorrhoea between one another, hence using a properly fitted condom is an excellent method of safeguarding oneself," states Phillips. "Moreover, if somebody informs you that they have had gonorrhoea and you've engaged in sexual activity with them, seek screening immediately.

The NHS website suggests undergoing testing annually or whenever you have a new sexual partner.

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